When a muscle becomes inflamed, such as the masseter muscle, the condition is described as a myositis. (6,7) Dorland (8) defines aponeurosis as a white, flattened or ribbon-like tendinous expansion, serving mainly to connect a muscle with parts that it moves. The upper anterior quadrant of the superficial masseter has been listed as an aponeurosis. (1-3) The masseter muscle, because of the direction of its muscle fibers and the location of its origin and insertion is intimately associated with the different movements and functions of the mandible (Table 1). The deeper layer's origin is on the zygomatic arch's posterior one-third with the attachment on the coronoid process' lateral surface and the superior one half of the ramus extending to the mandibular angle. The superficial portion originates from the anterior two-thirds of the zygomatic arch, and the insertion is on the outer part of the angle of the mandible and on its ramus' inferior half. The masseter has a rectangular shape that stretches from the zygomatic arch to the ramus of the mandible. (1) Additionally, these four muscle groups, along with the superior pharyngeal constrictors and the buccinator muscles, connect the mandible to the cranium. The masseter is considered the most superficial of the masticatory muscle group. The other three pairs are the temporalis and the internal and the external pterygoid muscles. The masseter is one of four pairs of facial muscles that are considered masticatory muscles. In this retrospective study, the charts of 114 consecutive patients (N=114) were evaluated to determine the prevalence of this disorder and the reported etiology. One of the little known disorders involving the masseter and its tendinous origin is tenomyositis, in which an inflammation of the muscle and its tendon occurs. A careful evaluation of the masseter muscles is necessary in facial pain patients since the pain can originate from a distant site and be referred to this area. When a patient has temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) or a myogenic disorder, the integrity of the masseter muscle can be compromised resulting in pain, malfunction, inflammation and/or swelling. It functions with the other masticatory muscles in moving and posturing the mandible and in verbalizing, eating and swallowing. ABSTRACT: The masseter muscle is an integral part of the oral facial complex and one of the muscles of mastication.
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